
Introducing the Wings of POWER II: P40
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A2A Simulations 3D LIGHTING SYSTEM

The Wings
of POWER P40 Virtual Cockpit










Wings of POWER II
“P40”
Designer’s Notes
When we decided to develop Wings of Power, the agreed upon goal was to create the most complete flying experience. This means building aircraft that not only look beautiful, but also fly and function authentically.
Some flyers live for complex gauges and realistic cockpit environments, while others simply admire watching their new aircraft fly through their favorite places around the world. It is our belief that while soaring through the skies, even the casual flyer will appreciate that there is a world of detail and history in every dial and switch. It is the same feeling you get when you sit in the cockpit of a real airplane. The difference is, in a simulated world, you can have it all.
Wings of Power sets new standards in many areas, probably the most notable are the 3D cockpit environments. While they are beautiful to look at, they represent the top layer of an amazing world that lies beneath. The more you fly these aircraft, the more you discover.
Like the entire Wings of Power series, the flight model was very carefully researched. We used some rare, authentic flight test reports and the actual pilot's training manual and technical orders to ensure our procedures and performance matched the real thing as closely as possible.
We are passionate about our work and are proud to be the makers of Wings of Power. We think you will have many hours of enjoyment with it.
-The Wings of POWER Team
Hands-on quality
Extensive research goes into making an aircraft, and nothing quite replaces first-hand experience. This includes visiting the aircraft(s), speaking with pilots and mechanics, and flight-testing. We must first capture and verify how it looks, sounds, and performs to create a faithful Wings of Power aircraft.
For the P40, we made two trips to the good people at the Cavanaugh Flight Museum in Dallas Texas (http://www.cavanaughflightmuseum.com/) , and took their P40 up for various test flights to verify performance and capture live sound. Probably the best part of this research was taking a lot of time to just be around the aircraft and the people who take such good care of it.
Flyable P40 at Cavanaugh
Flight Museum in Dallas Texas

Mike piloted the P40 and
explained the many fine details only an experienced pilot would know

Here is a full movie of Mike giving the P40 a walk-around:
High-res:
http://www.gamershell.com/download_20775.shtml
YouTube:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6xeuaBsqbx4
Cockpit preparing for flight

In the pit test flying the P40

If it moved, we verified
exactly how it functioned and performed



We
studied the pilot’s manuals to insure proper and realistic function and
behavior

Visual Effects and Sound
A
host of new visual effects were created to immerse the pilot further into an
authentic experience. This includes
realistic startup effects and natural engine smoke (hit the “I” key to enable
engine smoke). Once started, experiment
with the throttle in any aircraft and notice the subtle differences of the
engine sounds inside and out. When your
aircraft is taxiing on a dirt strip, you will see more dust being kicked up by
the wheels.
We recorded the genuine
Allison engine sound, both inside and out at all power levels, and at all
angles with the finest sound recording equipment available. The sounds are 100% genuine Allison P40 and
have been reproduced for Microsoft FSX unlike ever before.

A2A Simulations on site
recording the Allison engine
A
new explosion has also been added should you plunge your aircraft into the
ground, among other visuals.
The “P40”

History
The P-40 was one of the most
important fighters of World War II.
Not because of it’s raw performance, but because it was widely available
and served it’s role well and it remained a favorite aircraft to the pilots
that knew it best.
The P40 was a very
cost-effective aircraft to produce, and over a 5-year period, almost 14,000
P-40 aircraft were produced. The P-40
flew in Africa, Asia, and Europe and is probably most remembered for being used
by the Flying Tigers AVG (American Volunteer Group), with its famous
shark-toothed paint scheme.
The P40 roots are from the
Curtiss Hawk 75. With the impending
war, Curtiss built on the Hawk’s proven airframe and equipped it with the
Allison V-1710 engine.
Flying the Wings of POWER
P40
The P-40 for all of its shortcomings
was a very stable gun platform. It’s
greatest strength was its heaviness and ability to out-dive all of it’s German
and Japanese counterparts. In a dive
you can hold the pipper on a target and maintain that view through 460 mph
firing as you go, and even in this heavy airframe have the ability to pull out
the dive with sufficient airspace underneath you to climb quickly into another
firing position. Of course because it
is heavy and fast in a dive you can reach the speed of compressibility and be
unable to pull out of a dive even in the heavier air. While compressibility is hard to model in a flight simulator, we
incorporated the overstress factor when that point is reached. The American
Volunteer Group used this diving from high altitude tactic over and over again
to gain air superiority over their enemies and the A2A aircraft exhibits
that same stability in a power dive.
At altitude below 14,000 feet,
the aircraft is fairly agile and able to maneuver sufficiently to dogfight
pretty much anything that comes at it. I was told by David Lee “Tex” Hill at a
book signing that contrary to popular opinion and myth, that a well maintained
P-40 could, in fact, turn with most aircraft in a dogfight at lower altitudes,
where most combat actually occurs anyway. There were of course some
exceptions with much lighter aircraft. The British historians of that era
have stated that in the hands of competent pilots the P-40 proved effective
against even the best of the Luftwaffe and Regia Aeronautica. Considered
markedly superior to the older Hurricane which it replaced as the primary
fighter of the Desert Air Force,[7]
the P-40 Tomahawk was deadly against Axis bombers in the North African theater,
as well as the Bf 110 and early Italian fighter types, such
as the Fiat
G.50 and the Macchi C.200, though the Bf 109 proved a greater challenge, particularly
the later F and G variants. The P-40 was superior to the Bf 109 in
maneuverability and structural strength, and was roughly equal to it in
firepower, but was inferior in speed and rate of climb.
The P-40 was an aircraft with
a heavy nose, due in part to the weight of the 1100 horsepower V12 1710-C15
Allison engine that propelled it. This becomes quite obvious when you apply
flaps at landing. The nose immediately begins to drop and is modeled very well.
The P-40 Tomahawk could not climb with most of the opposing aircraft as its
rate of climb was about 2100-2800 ft/min(11m/s) and could only reach speeds of
340mph or 300knots at 14, 000 ft depending on the model of aircraft.
Specifications
Length: 31.71 ft
Wing Span: 37.29 ft
Basic Weight: 6190 lbs
Maximum Power: 1040 Hp
Maximum speed: 360 mph @ 16000 ft
Climb rate: 2800 ft/min
Powerplant: Allison V-1710
Fuel Capacities
P40B - total 159 U.S. Gallons
fuselage - 57.28
wing - 61.25
res - 40.35
P40B AVG - total 130 Imp. Gallons
fuselage - 47
wing - 50
res - 33
Tomahawks IIB - total 155.8 Imp. Gallons
fuselage - 40
wing - 45
res - 27.5
droptank - 43.3
Variants

Curtiss P40B serial number
41-13297. This aircraft was based at
Oahu, Hawaii during the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7th 1941. It survived the attack but was lost on a
routine patrol in January 1942. It was
recovered in 1989 with the intention of being returned to flying
condition. It has now been beautifully
restored and is flying in its original wartime markings. The Fighter Collection, Duxford, now owns
the aircraft.

Hawk 81-a2 Number '77' flown
by 3rd Squadron Flight Leader R.T. Smith, Kunming, China, January 1942. Robert Tharp (R.T.) Smith, born in York,
Nebraska on 23 February 1918, joined the Army Air Corps as an aviation cadet in
1939. Graduating with Class 40-C at
Randolph on 21 June 1940, he remained there as a flight instructor until July
1941 when he was allowed to resign his commission to join the American
Volunteer Group, then forming in Burma.
Flying as part of the AVG’s Third Pursuit Squadron, Smith was credited
with one–and-one-half Sally bombers destroyed, another probably destroyed and
four damaged in the first air raid on Rangoon, Burma on 23 December. Two days later, on Christmas Day, he downed
two more bombers and an Oscar in a repeat raid on the Burmese capital. Moving to Loiwing, China he became an ace on
8 April 1942 with the destruction of two Oscars over the AVG base. He downed another Oscar two days later and
completed his scoring with the AVG on 28 April with a final Oscar south of
Hsipaw.

Tomahawk MkIIB AK498 250
Squadron, flown by Flt LT Clive Caldwell, Libya November 1941. Clive Caldwell was born in Lewisham, Sydney.
He learned to fly in 1938 with the Aero Club of New South Wales. When the
Second World War broke out, he joined the Royal Australian Air Force
(RAAF). Caldwell served with 250
Squadron, Royal Air Force in the Middle East campaign and North African
campaign, flying Tomahawks and Kittyhawks. He became known for developing a
method of practicing aerial gunnery deflection by shooting at the shadow of his
own aircraft on the desert surface. Caldwell
claimed 22 victories while in North Africa flying P-40s, including ten Bf 109s
and two Macchi C.202s.

Tomahawk MkIIB "White
58" 20th GIAP, flown by Lieutenant Alexei Khlobystov. Alexei Khlobystov was born on 23 February
1918 in Vtoroe Zakharovo in the Ryazan region and learned to fly at the Ustomi
aeroclub during 1938. In 1939 he joined
the army and attended Kacha Military Air Collage where he won his wings in
1941. Alexei Khlobystov's had a flare
for taran attacks, three of his eight victories were by this method. On 13 December 1943, by which time he was
leading an eskardrilya in the 20 GIAP, he was killed in action. At the time of his death Khlobystov had
claimed 8 destroyed and 24 shared victories in 335 sorties.
Enjoying the P40
Flying the P40 in Microsoft
FSX is an extremely enjoyable experience.
The aircraft has such beautiful lines, a genuine Allison sound, and
feels just right to fly. Perhaps much
of this enjoyment comes from the meaningful place the P40 holds in the hearts
of so many.
Here are some little details you
may appreciate while flying the P40:
The Pilot looks where he flies

At 8,000 feet, he puts on his
Oxygen mask

Don’t forget to use your cowl
flaps (default assignment- CTRL-SHIFT-C / CTRL-SHIFT-V).

The drop tank is different from other allied drop tanks. The release lever is located below the pilot's left elbow.

Of course, enjoy the night
flying from the cockpit

and from the outside, with the
built-in A2A 3D Lights

Test Piloting the P-40
Startup
Ignition should be off,
flaps to neutral(left side cockpit next to seat), set your parking brake(lower
left center of panel)
Do your visual
inspection outside of your aircraft check ailerons, elevator, and rudder
Set propellor to manual
low pitch. (left side cockpit below mixture)
Set your fuel tank to
RESERVE (left side of cockpit-lower panel)
Turn on switches( left
lower side of cockpit-battery switch on, generator on, prop safety switch on,
propeller control switch to auto), (ride side of cockpit avionics on, set cowl
flaps to SHUT). Check Ammeter at left side cockpit lower-should read 45 amps.
If cold start, make
sure carb heat is set to COLD (upper right side cockpit)
Move your magneto
switch to BOTH
Depress Primer two
times,
Set throttle one inch
Set Mixture to Full
Rich
Engage starter button
Rev to 800 to 1000 rpms
Move Mixture to Auto
Rich
Check oil temp (s/b 40
to 60 degrees C)
Check Oil pressure
60-80 lbs
Radiator temp for run
up to 80 degrees C
Set prop switch(lower
left cockpit) to Manual
Check magneto function
left and right at 2200 rpm and watch tachometer for differences, no more than
26 inches of Mercury showing on your Manifold Pressure gauge
Set magneto to BOTH
and reset prop switch back to Automatic
Takeoff
(Exact duplication of flight)
Open your cockpit to
taxi and turn on your lights and taxi into position. As the P-40 has no wild
inclination to veer left still a little right rudder should be applied.
Make sure your attitude
gyro is uncaged (the knob is on the panel high right next attitude indicator
gauge). Check your Prestone warning by toggling the warning test switch on the
lower left side of your cockpit panel.
Set your mixture to
Auto Rich
Set pitot(left side
cockpit on lights panel) and check your engine oil pressure, oil temp, coolant temp, and vacuum. If
engine is running too warm from a long idle open up your cowl flaps (right side
of cockpit) to 3/4
Ease your throttle to
no more than 40 inches of Mercury as shown on the Manifold Pressure Gauge, you
may have to apply a little brake until the tail gets sufficient airflow to the
rudder.
Set flaps 10 degrees
Set your elevator trim
tabs for take-off and rotate at 110 mph
Raise you landing gear
and ease off the flaps as you get a positive climb and wheels are securely in
the wheel well.
As you climb, set your
throttle back to 35 inches of mercury
showing on your Manifold Pressure Gauge. Your best climb rate to 16000
is at 150-160 mph at 35 inches MP or 2600 rpm
Ease your mixture to
between auto rich and auto lean at 5000 ft AGL. Set your trim to approx 5.8
degrees or 43 to 45 percent. This should allow you to climb at 2100 ft/min at
140 mph. At 10000 feet set your mixture to 35 percent for best climb and
maintaining 2600 rpm and 35 inches of MP and turn on your oxygen lower right
panel
Cruising
at 14000-16000
For high speed cruise
rpm set to 2600, prop, manifold pressure at 35 in.
For normal cruising the
prop revolutions should be set to 2280 rpms with manifold pressure at 27.9,
mixture set to auto rich,
Economy set prop to
2190 rpm, manifold at 25.2 inches, switch the propeller control from Auto to
manual and ease off the mixture until you see a drop of 40-50 rpms, then switch
propeller control back to automatic
AEROBATICS
Aerobatics may be carried out
on this aircraft. Due to the controls being powerful and moderately light the
aerobatic qualities are good, but great care must be exercised to see that all
aerobatics are carried out at sufficient height to enable the pilot to recover
from a dive, spin, or stall without exerting excessive loads on the aircraft.
Care should also be taken to ensure that speed is maintained during aerobatics
in the looping plane.
Putting the P-40 through its paces
The aircraft tends to yaw to
the right so left rudder trim is needed to maintain straight flight.
Stalls
(clean, wheels up, flaps up)
tail buffeted at 68kts stall and spin at 58kts
(flaps down, wheels up) tail
buffet at 62 kts and stall no spin at 53 kts, recovery was automatic
(wheels down, flaps up) tail
buffet at 58 kts and stall at 53 kts, recovery was difficult with opposite
rudder and reduced power, aircraft fell from 14,000 to 3,580 before recovering,
many spins
(wheels down, flaps down 5,000
ft AGL) tail buffet at 58kts and stall at 53 kts, one spin, easy recovery, lost
1,000 feet
Rolls
12,000 feet 250 kts IAS,
mixture at 35% throttle at full- very responsive loss of 120 feet
20,000 feet 250 kts IAS,
mixture at 21%, full throttle- somewhat sluggish and mushy
29,000 feet 212 kts IAS, mixture
at 18%, full throttle, 23 in MP, 3,000 rpms quick roll resulted in a stall and
spin to 22,000 feet
Turns
29,000 feet AGL, 212 kts IAS,
mixture 18%, full throttle- combat turn was somewhat sluggish and resulted in
tail buffet and black-out if turning to tightly
20,000 feet AGL, 220 kts IAS,
360 degree tight turn reasonably quick no buffeting or blackout
12,000 fee AGL, 220 kts IAS,
360 degree tight combat turn, full black-out but quick recovery, tail buffeting
when black-out started, let up on stick just enough to return to full recover
while continuing my turn
Dives
29,000 feet-15,000 feet AGL,
200kts at start of dive, dive goes into overspeed at 368 kts IAS. According to
the manual the maximum permissible is 470 mph, beyond that speed you would
experience compressibility, and in this aircraft you will receive your
overspeed warning followed by a break-up. At 470 mph IAS your true airspeed is
658 mph. At this speed your controls become useless.
NOTE:
Flaps must never be
used in an attempt to reduce diving speed
As the speed of the
dive increases you will notice a tendency for the aircraft to yaw right, before
it reaches a critical point you will want to add a bit of left rudder.
Before you begin your
dive, you should put your prop into a course pitch, and crack your throttle
only slight. Do not attempt to dive with full throttle.
Landing the P-40B
Tomahawk
Begin your decent 8-10
km out at an altitude of 3000 feet AGL.
First make sure your
fuel selector is set to fuselage.
Set your mixture to
FULL RICH
Set your cowl flaps to
½ (lower right cockpit handle)
Turn on your carb heat
(right side of panel upper)
Open your canopy
Lower your landing
gear(Lower it at speeds under 175 MPH)
At 140MPH add 10 flaps
and hold the nose of the aircraft up until a speed of 120 Mph is reached (Do
not lower your flaps at speeds of over 140MPH IAS). Be prepared to compensate
for the extreme nose drop once flaps are applied.
Maintain 95 to 100 MPH
as your landing will be engine assisted, not a glide
Center up on the
runway, better to come in a little high so as to give you a good view of the
runway centerline.
Lower your speed
accordingly and flare using your engine, let the aircraft land on the main
wheels and fall back to the tail wheel, with pratice you can grease a three
point landing pretty easily, just make sure you don’t hit tail wheel first!
Raise your flaps and
open your cowl flaps full
Turn carb heat off
That’s it. You have
just taken your first flight in this legendary aircraft.
NOTES ON THE ALLISON
V-1710-C15 ENGINE
(Using 100
Octane Fuel)
LIMITED
OPERATIONAL CONDITIONS
Take-off
Maximum
r.p.m. 3000
Maximum
boost
at S.L. 41.0
in.Hg.
above 2600 ft. 38.9
in.Hg.
Climb
Maximum
r.p.m. 2600
Maximum
boost 35.0
in.Hg.
* Note: -
For take-off and climbs of short duration (not exceeding 5 min.) from sea
level, the throttle should be adjusted to give 41 in.Hg. and left in this
position until the boost falls to 38.9 in.Hg. This boost should then be maintained
by adjustment of the throttle. For climbs of longer duration the boost should
be adjusted to 35 in.Hg.
Maximum
cruising r.p.m and boost 2600 35 in.Hg.
Maximum
level r.p.m. and boost 3000 38.9 in.Hg.
Maximum
dive r.p.m. and boost 3120 38.9 in.Hg.
Oil
Pressure Normal 60-65
lb./sq.in Minimum 50 lb./sq.in
Oil inlet
temperatures Minimum for take-off 40°C Normal 70-80°C
Maximum 85°C
Coolant
temperature Maximum 125°C Minimum for take-off or flight 85°C
FUEL
CAPACITY AND CONSUMPTIONS
Note the
following:
Fuel
capacity (in Imperial gallons) Main tank 50 gallons [62.5 gal U.S] Fuselage
tank 47 gallons [58.75 U.S.]
Reserve
tank 33 gallons [41.25 U.S.]
Total 130
gallons [162.5 U.S.]
Fuel
consumptions (in Imperial gallons per hour)
Approximate
consumptions at 12,000 feet are as follows:
Climbing:
at 2600
r.p.m. and 35 in.Hg. boost 84
[105 U.S.]
Cruising:
at 2600
r.p.m. and 35 in.Hg. boost 84
[105 U.S.]
at 2280
r.p.m. and 29.2 in.Hg. boost 52 [65
U.S.]
at 2280
r.p.m. and 27.9 in.Hg. boost 50
[62.5 U.S.]
at 2190
r.p.m. and 25.2 in.Hg. boost 42
[52.5 U.S.]
Note: It
is possible to improve on the last cruising consumption by weakening the
mixture
WINGS OF POWER CERTIFIED

WINGS OF POWER CERTIFIED
Unsurpassed attention to detail
Can be flown “by the book”
Gorgeously constructed aircraft, inside and out, down to the last rivet
Fully clickable cockpits with authentic working gauges
The
latest technology helps to create the most authentic,
fluid flying qualities, including complex spins and stalls
NEW 3D Lighting System built in
Bent-prop damage
Finest engine sound recordings available
Realistic startup procedures
________________________________
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Wings of POWER II: “P40”
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